I.+Respiratory+Physiology

__**I. Respiration **__ *Respiration has three seperate functions which include ventilation, gas exchange and oxygen utilization *Ventilation is the mechanical course of breathing moving air in and out of the lungs *Gas exchange occurs between the air and blood in the lungs and also in the blood and other tissues of the body *Gas exchange includes oxygen and carbon dioxide *Oxygen utilization by the tissues is an "energy-liberating" reation of cell respiration *Internal respiration is known by the gas exchange that takes place between the blood and other tissues and oxygen utilization by the tissues *External respiration is known by ventilation and the exchange of gases between the air and blood
 * RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY **

__**II. Respiratory System **__ The respiratory system is divided into two parts which are the respiratory zone and the conducting zone. A. Conducting Zone *All the anatomical structures through which air passes before reaching the respiratory zone *The CZ include the primary bronchi, trachea, pharynx, larynx, mouth, nose and the successive branchings of the bronchioles up to and including the terminal bronchioles. *The CZ also is responsible for warming and humidification of inspired air and filtration and cleaning B. Respiratory Zone *Location of gas exchange *The RZ includes the respiratory bronchioles and the terminal alveolar sacs

__**III. Ventilation Pressures **__ *Intrapleural pressure is always less than the intrapulmonary pressure *The intrapulmonary pressure is subatmospheric during inspiration and greater than the atmospheric pressure during expiration *Pressure changes in the lungs are produced by variations in the lung volume with the inverse relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas described as Boyle's Law (pV = K)

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__**APPLICATION:**__ As a dispensing inpatient pharmacy hospital we are constantly dispensing many unique forms of drugs. The most type of drugs we dispense are inhalers. Inhalers are used to deliver medication to the lungs. It is usually used to treat asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Patients can actually be prescribed multiple inhalers to use each day. Nebulizers are also a familiar respiratory drug used and it is administered as a mist that is ihaled into the lungs. Typically, corticosteroid and bronchodilaters are used in a nebulizer method.

__**Essential Questions **__ Ventilation is accomplished through a mechanical process that moves air into and out of our lungs. The oxygen concentration of air is actually higher in the lungs than in the blood, oxygen diffuses from air to blood. Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume. There are changes in intrapulmonary pressure and it occurs as a result of changes in our lung volume. The changes and needing to get back to equilibrium in the lungs is the mechanics of breathing. The atmospheric pressure does not usually change, the intrapulmonary pressure will then fall below atmospheric pressure to cause inspiration. Due to the elasticity of the lungs, the lungs pull one way and the thoracic wall pulls another way. During expiration,

__**Sources: **__ http://www.corbisimages.com/images/67/F8180DC5-1AF4-4AE6-B9BA-30BEAD91AB27/CRBR003869.jpg <span style="color: #88cc3d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6-oyxnkZC0