D.+Cell+Physiology

CELL PHYSIOLOGY



What's in a cell? Each cell is an individual living identity that is extremely complex. We need our cells for our entire body's system to work as an entire whole. Cells are the basic functional unit of our body.

The cell can be divided into three main parts: 1. Plasma (cell) Membrane: It surrounds the cell and is selectively permeable. It gives the cell form and helps to separate the extracellular environment from the intracellular structures. 2. Cytoplasm and Organelles: The cytoplasm is the liquid area that is between the plasma membrane and the nucleus in the cell. Organelles are found within the cytoplasm and are all responsible for particular jobs inside the cell. 3. Nucleus: It is extremely important and contains the DNA and facilitates all of the cell's activities. The nucleus also contains nucleoi, which is the site of production of ribosomes where protein synthesis takes.
 * __I. Description of a Cell __**

__**II. Mitosis (The M Stage of the Cell) **__ Mitosis is the cell division process of two daughter cells the receive the exact number of chromosomes are the parent cell. The parent and the daughter cells are both diploid. The stages of mitosis are: Interphase--Prophase--Metaphase--Anaphase--Telophase __**II. Meiosis **__ Meiosis is the cell division in which a diploid parent cell increases a haploid daughter cell. We see this cell process in gamete production in the gonads. The stages of Meiosis are: Prophase 1--Metaphase 1--Anaphase 1--Telophase 1- and then it goes through a second meiotic division of: Prophase 2--Metaphase 2--Anaphase 2--Telophase 2

__**Application:**__ DNA and understanding genetic inheritance fits into a key role from this section into being a pharmacist. The role of the typical pharmacist is being to change into more of a treatment and clinical focus. According to David Pruce from an overseas article, he believes that the next big area that pharmacists will get involved in is genetic testing. "This is about looking at someone's genetic make-up and tailoring the drugs to their genes. It's already happening in a small way with some anti-cancer drugs, but I'm told that it could really take off by 2020." Also, pharmacist handle therapy and treatment through drugs to patients who are diagnosed with any genetic diseases or disorders. For example, this year in 2011 many new drugs are being approved by the FDA to treat rare genetic disorders like Afinitor that will be used for treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA). This disorder cannot be corrected through surgery and through medication therapy it can help decrease non-cancerous tumors that this disorder causes which can lead to more serious issues and often ending fatal.

__**Case Study: Agony and Ectasy **__ CQ#1: E. Excess Water CQ#2: 50/50% Of random movement <span style="color: #ff0080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">CQ#3: B. 5 (Maintain equillibrium) <span style="color: #ff0080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">CQ#4: C <span style="color: #ff0080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">CQ#5: A, D <span style="color: #ff0080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">CQ#6: B

__**Sources:**__ Fox, Stuart Ira. __Human Physiology__, //11th ed.// New York: 2009. http://www.uvm.edu/~inquiryb/webquest/fa06/mvogenbe/Animal-Cell.jpg http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/mitosismeiosis.jpg http://www.independent.co.uk/student/career-planning/getting-job/the-future-of-pharmacy-next-step-genetic-testing-413982.html http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=121502