E.+Endocrinology

The endocrine system in our body covers the extensive plethora of glands. With these glands they secrete specialized hormones that work all over the body to help regulate several fuctions in an organism like growth, development, metabolism and mood.
 * ENDOCRINOLOGY **

__**I. HORMONES **__ There are few chemical classes that we can divide hormones into: 1. Amines: These hormones are derided from the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan that are secreted by the thyroid, pineal gland and adrenal medulla. 2. Polypeptides and proteins: These hormones consist of a chain of amino acids that are connected by a covalent called a peptide bond. An example is antidiuretic hormone and insulin can be categorized under them. 3. Glycoproteins: These hormones are a protein combined with one or more carbohydrate groups. Some examples are the luteinizing hormone (LH) and the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). 4. Steroids: These are hormones that consist of lipids derived from carbohydrates. Examples of steroid hormones are cortisol, estradiol, testosterone and progesterone.

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__**II. AUTOCRINE VS. PARACRINE REGULATION **__ *Autocrine regulators are produced and act within the same tissue of an organ. *Paracrine regulators are produced within one tissue and regulate in a different tissue of the same organ. *They have one main similiarity that they do not travel in the blood so they are both considered local regulators.

__**III. SYNERGISTIC, PERMISSIVE and ANTAGONISTIC Effects **__ *Synergistic effects are when two or more hormones work together to produce a result. An example would be norepinephrine and epinephrine on the heart and they increase the heart rate. *Permissive effect is when a hormone enhances a second hormone and the reaction of a specific organ. It is like speeding up the process all together. An example of this would be pre-exposing before labor estrogen. It enables the formation of receptor proteins for progesterone which, improves the response of the uterus. *Antagonistic effect basically is a specific hormone that antagonizes the action of another hormone. A great example is the relationship between insulin and glucagon. <span style="color: #1b1bb1; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 140%;"> <span style="color: #1b1bb1; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 140%;"> __APPLICATION:__ Hormone regulation and therapy is a huge focus for clinical pharmacist. Some people have complications with the production of natural hormones and some people have issues with creating an over abundance of hormones in the body. We often see hormone regulation being used with menopause and they usually are estrogen, progestin and man-made progesterone. Medication research is huge right now and continues to advance and as a pharmacist (hopefully one day), it will be amazing to see the new technology and drugs that emerge in hormone therapy. <span style="color: #1b1bb1; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 140%;"> __**<span style="color: #21baba; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 140%;">CASE STUDY #1: **__ <span style="color: #21baba; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 140%;">1. According to the case study, Ellie appeared to be lacking confidence in herself and had rather dramatic emotional swings from upset, frustrated to completely withdrawing herself from class. In the reading it explains her hands were trembling, she said she couldn't sleep and she ended up not coming to class in the end. <span style="color: #21baba; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 140%;">2. I believe Ellie maybe lacking in confidence in herself and may not be talking proper care of her health and body. Eating right, exercise, sleeping consistently and being positive mentally play a key role in to daily accomplishments and success I feel. She perhaps could have a disorder physiologically that may be prohibiting her from focusing and understanding the material she is trying to retain due to imbalance in her brain.

__Sources:__ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hormone-therapy/WO00046 http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1995/1101950626_400.jpg http://www.a2zrecipes.net/MaxineHormoneReplacement.jpg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dxyq8GAWbpo